Tec Empresarial
type: channel
description: **Tec Empresarial** is an academic journal that publishes scholarly articles and research findings. The journal focuses on topics related to business, management, and entrepreneurship. It aims to provide a platform for academics, researchers, and professionals to share their knowledge and insights on various aspects of business administration and corporate strategies. The journal may include a wide range of topics such as: - Business innovation and technology - Marketing strategies and consumer behavior - Organizational behavior and leadership - Finance and investment management - Economic policies and their impact on businesses - Human resources management and development - Strategic management and corporate governance **ISSN**: 1659-2395 **E-ISSN**: 1659-3359 Tec Empresarial is dedicated to promoting academic excellence and advancing knowledge in the field of business studies. It serves as a valuable resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers interested in the latest research and trends in the business world. The journal may also provide a space for discussions on contemporary issues and challenges faced by businesses globally.
language: en
publication name: Tec Empresarial
items: COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF DEGRADATION OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS OF FORENSIC IMPORTANCE ON DIFFERENT SURFACES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND TIME INTERVALS
items: PHARMALAB NEXUS: BRIDGING LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACY IN PRACTICE — A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
items: HUMAN–AI COLLABORATION READINESS AMONG ALLIED HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN SAUDI ARABIA: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
items: WORKPLACE WORKLOAD AND BURNOUT SIGNALS AMONG CLINICAL LABORATORY PROFESSIONALS: IMPLICATIONS FOR QUALITY CONTROL ADHERENCE
items: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODERN DENTAL DIAGNOSTICS: TRANSFORMING DETECTION, DECISION-MAKING, AND PATIENT CARE
items: FROM SPECIMEN TO DISPENSE: MEASURING SAFETY BREAKPOINTS ACROSS LABORATORY, PHARMACY, AND MEDICAL DEVICES IN RIYADHA Cross-Sectional Mixed Audit
items: THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON THE FIELD OF PHYSIOTHERAPY: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF VIRTUAL REALITY, TELEHEALTH, AND MORE
items: ASSESSMENT OF BURNOUT, SLEEP QUALITY, AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH AMONG FRONTLINE NURSING AND RESPIRATORY CARE STAFF IN ACUTE CARE SETTINGS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN SAUDI MILITARY HOSPITALS
items: COMMUNICATION GAPS BETWEEN LABORATORY AND CLINICAL DEPARTMENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY MILITARY HOSPITAL
items: INTEGRATED DIGITAL HEALTH AND EARLY RISK PREDICTION MODEL TO ENHANCE PATIENT SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL READINESS IN RIYADH'S HOSPITAL
items: DECISION FATIGUE AMONG EMERGENCY NURSES AND ITS IMPACT ON TRIAGE ACCURACY AND CLINICAL PRIORITIZATION
items: TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AS A CATALYST FOR BIG DATA ANALYTICS LEARNING INTENTION IN MALAYSIAN SMES: EXTENDING UTAUT WITH A MODERATION LENS
items: INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATION BETWEEN NURSES AND PHARMACISTS IN PREVENTING MEDICATION ERRORS
items: THE ROLE OF FRONTLINE HEALTHCARE TEAMS IN PREVENTING MEDICATION AND RESPIRATORY CARE ERRORS IN HOSPITAL SETTINGS
items: OPTIMIZING PATIENT RECOVERY THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN NURSING AND PROSTHETICS AND ORTHOTICS TEAMS IN TERTIARY HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
items: THE IMPACT OF INTERPROFESSIONAL PRACTICE ON REDUCING DIAGNOSTIC AND MEDICATION ERRORS IN NEONATAL AND ADULT CRITICAL CARE UNITS
items: ENHANCING INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION TO IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES IN PRIMARY AND PREVENTIVE CARE SETTINGS: A MULTI-SPECIALTY APPROACH
items: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ABUAD'S ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMME
items: COLLABORATIVE CARE IN COMMUNITY HEALTH: INTEGRATING NURSING, PUBLIC HEALTH, ADMINISTRATION, AND PHYSIOTHERAPY
items: INTERPROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION AND MEDICATION SAFETY IN PERIOPERATIVE CARE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE FROM ANESTHESIOLOGISTS, NURSES, PHARMACISTS, AND LABORATORY STAFF
items: IMPACT OF NURSE WORKLOAD ON PATIENT SAFETY AND QUALITY OF CARE IN HOSPITAL SETTINGS
items: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES OF NURSES TOWARD INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
items: THE ROLE OF AUTOMATION IN MODERN CLINICAL LABORATORIES
items: INTERDISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES IN PHLEBOTOMY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS
items: Interdisciplinary Perspectives On Oral Health And Nutrition: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Healthcare Professionals
items: INTEGRATION OF POINT-OF-CARE TESTING (POCT) INTO HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS: BENEFITS, LIMITATIONS, AND QUALITY CHALLENGES
items: MULTIDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION IN ACUTE CARDIAC CARE: ROLES, INTERFACES, AND OUTCOMES
items: ENHANCING IMMUNIZATION RATES THROUGH PHARMACIST INVOLVEMENT
items: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEDICAL RECORDS STAFF IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
items: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH IN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF DEGRADATION OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS OF FORENSIC IMPORTANCE ON DIFFERENT SURFACES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND TIME INTERVALS
type: item
description: Blood and other body fluids collected at crime scenes are sensitive to the surrounding environmental contamination and growth of microorganisms which can destroy their evidential value before damage to them can be assessed in the laboratory. This deterioration can depend on a number of environmental conditions, including temperature, duration of exposure, surface nature on which the biological material rests. The understanding of these factors is critical for the best evidence collection strategy, and for maintaining the integrity of biological samples to be used for forensic analysis. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the microbial breakdown of two biological fluids present in the environment: blood and saliva, that were placed on five different inanimate surfaces (soil, glass, wall, floor and ceramic tile) and with two different environmental temperatures (4-9°C, 20-25°C and 40-45°C). Healthy volunteers' 5 blood samples & 5 saliva samples were then exposed for 6, 12, 18, 24 & 48 hours. Conventional culture methods, staining techniques, selective media and standard biochemical tests were used to identify the microorganisms associated with each sample to assess microbial colonization and progression of biological fluid degradation. It was found that both growth of microbes and disruption of biological fluids highly depended upon the environmental temperatures and surface characteristics. Soil always had the highest level of biological fluid degradation and the highest microbial diversity of all the substrates evaluated. Good deterioration was observed in the samples at 20–25°C, with the highest levels between 12 and 24 hours followed by growth of microorganisms at 40-45^C. At 4–9°C, on the other hand, several non-porous surfaces, such as glass, wall surfaces and ceramic tiles, showed very little or no detectable bacterial growth after 12 hours. Progressive microbial activity in saliva correlated with a decrease in detectable amylase activity and hem…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Neetu Sharma, Jaskaran Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-27
publication date: 2026-07-27
starting page: 118
ending page: 140

PHARMALAB NEXUS: BRIDGING LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACY IN PRACTICE — A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
type: item
description: Background. Laboratory diagnostics and clinical pharmacy have historically operated as parallel services, yet the medication-use process depends on laboratory data at almost every step — selection, dosing, monitoring, and de-escalation. The point at which a laboratory result is converted into a prescribing action, here termed the lab–pharmacy interface or “PharmaLab Nexus,” is increasingly recognised as a determinant of medication safety and therapeutic effectiveness. Objective. To systematically synthesise the evidence on the integration of laboratory diagnostics with clinical pharmacy practice and its effect on clinical, safety, and economic outcomes across the medication-use pathway. Methods. Following PRISMA principles, a structured multi-database search (PubMed, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar, aggregated through the Consensus evidence engine) was conducted across six thematic domains: pharmacist laboratory-test monitoring, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), pharmacogenomics, diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship, point-of-care testing (POCT), and anticoagulation management. Peer-reviewed studies reporting a lab–pharmacy interface and a clinical, safety, process, or economic outcome were eligible. Data were extracted into a structured evidence table and synthesised narratively; representative effect estimates were compared across domains. Results. Thirty studies were included, of which 22 were tabulated. Across every domain, integrating laboratory data with pharmacist interpretation and action improved outcomes: TDM services reduced vancomycin nephrotoxicity and increased clinical efficacy (pooled odds ratio [OR] for efficacy 2.62; nephrotoxicity OR 0.25); pre-emptive pharmacogenomic panels reduced clinically relevant adverse drug reactions (OR 0.70); rapid diagnostics coupled with stewardship reduced bloodstream-infection mortality (OR 0.66–0.72) and shortened time to optimal therapy by up to 29 hours; pharmacist-managed anticoagulation improved time in therap…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ibrahim Khaleel Rajab, Khalid Yahay Jaber Alfaifi, Abdullah Mualla Alkhaldi, Mohammed Abdullah Ahmed Alqarni, Qusai ahmed Ali Shoaib and Bassem Faisal Bukhari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-07-27
publication date: 2026-07-27
starting page: 102
ending page: 117

HUMAN–AI COLLABORATION READINESS AMONG ALLIED HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN SAUDI ARABIA: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
type: item
description: Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in diagnostic, decision-support, and administrative workflows across healthcare systems. Allied healthcare professionals (AHPs) — including nurses, pharmacists, radiographers, laboratory technologists, physical and respiratory therapists — form the largest segment of the clinical workforce, yet their readiness for human–AI collaboration remains comparatively under-studied relative to physicians. Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 digital-health agenda makes this an especially timely question for the Kingdom's health system. Objective: This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on AI readiness, trust, and adoption among allied healthcare professionals, with particular attention to the Saudi Arabian context, and proposes an integrative multi-level readiness framework. Methods: A structured narrative literature search was conducted in PubMed for studies published largely between 2021 and 2026 addressing AI knowledge, attitudes, trust, and adoption among allied health and related clinical professionals. Twenty-three studies meeting relevance criteria were screened, extracted, and thematically synthesized; direct quotations were avoided in favor of original synthesis. Results: Six recurring themes emerged: (1) a persistent knowledge–enthusiasm or awareness–practice gap; (2) a “trust-optimism paradox” in which positive general attitudes coexist with low trust in specific AI recommendations; (3) discipline-specific variation in perceived task fit across allied professions; (4) organizational and governance barriers to workflow integration; (5) uneven curricular and continuing-education preparation; and (6) a broader national digital-health readiness culture in Saudi Arabia that is more advanced at the policy level than at the point-of-care allied-workforce level. Conclusions: Readiness for human–AI collaboration among Saudi allied healthcare professionals is best understood as a multi-level construct spanning…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: ABDULRAHMAN SALEH ABDULAZIZ ALMATRUDI, BANDAR DHAFER MOHAMMED ALSHEHRI, ABDULAZIZ MARI MOHAMMED ALAMRI, ABDULLAH MOHAMMED ALI ALSUFYANI, YAHYA HASSAN YAHYA GHAZWANI ALI MOHAMMED A ALBARIQI, RAED KHALID DUGHAYSHIM ALDUGHAYSHIM and FAISAL ALI A ALANAZI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-11
publication date: 2026-01-11
starting page: 91
ending page: 101

WORKPLACE WORKLOAD AND BURNOUT SIGNALS AMONG CLINICAL LABORATORY PROFESSIONALS: IMPLICATIONS FOR QUALITY CONTROL ADHERENCE
type: item
description: Background: Clinical laboratory professionals operate under sustained analytical workloads, staffing pressures, and shift demands that may predispose them to occupational burnout. Burnout is increasingly recognized as a determinant of error-prone behavior in healthcare settings, yet its specific relationship with quality control (QC) adherence in laboratory medicine has received limited empirical attention. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based design was used to examine workload, burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment), and QC adherence among 312 laboratory professionals across hematology, chemistry, microbiology, blood bank, and histopathology sections of a tertiary care hospital. Workload was measured using a NASA Task Load Index-derived composite score. Burnout was assessed using Maslach Burnout Inventory-consistent subscales. QC adherence was measured via a composite adherence score (0-100) and the count of QC non-conformances over the preceding six months. Associations were examined using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and negative binomial regression. Results: High burnout (elevated emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) was identified in 24.4% of participants. Workload index correlated strongly with emotional exhaustion (r = 0.64, p < .001). Participants meeting high-burnout criteria had significantly lower QC adherence scores than those who did not (82.1 ± 7.6 vs. 89.4 ± 7.0; Welch t(122.0) = -7.36, p < .001). In multiple linear regression, emotional exhaustion (β = -0.37, p < .001) and depersonalization (β = -0.29, p < .001) were independent negative predictors of QC adherence, while workload index, years of experience, and weekly working hours were not independently significant after adjustment. Workload index was an independent predictor of high-burnout status (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.18, p < .001). Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were independently as…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: LAMYAA ABDULAZIZ M ALKHALAF, FAY ABDULMAJEED I ALDAWAI, MARAM NASSER SALM ALQADI, AMJAD MOHAMMED SAFAR ALHARTHI, MARAM SAUD D ALOTAIBI, BASMAH SAEED FARAJ AL FARAJ
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-14
publication date: 2026-06-14
starting page: 75
ending page: 90

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODERN DENTAL DIAGNOSTICS: TRANSFORMING DETECTION, DECISION-MAKING, AND PATIENT CARE
type: item
description: Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping clinical dentistry by enhancing the accuracy, speed, and consistency of diagnostic workflows across a broad spectrum of oral conditions. Deep learning, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has demonstrated performance approaching or matching that of experienced dental professionals in key diagnostic tasks. Objective: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on AI applications in dental diagnostics, covering caries detection, periodontal disease assessment, endodontic analysis, orthodontic landmark identification, oral cancer detection, implant planning, and clinical decision-support systems. Patient care implications and integration challenges are also addressed. Evidence Base: Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and high-quality original studies retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE and Consensus, published primarily between 2019 and 2024, formed the evidential foundation. Key Findings: AI models achieve AUC values of 0.84–0.98 for caries detection on radiographic images and F1-scores of 68%–95% on clinical photographs. Deep learning ensembles attain 89% diagnostic accuracy for periodontal bone loss assessment. Pooled sensitivity of AI algorithms is comparable to healthcare professionals (87.0% vs. 86.4%). Challenges include dataset heterogeneity, limited external validation, regulatory hurdles, and workflow integration barriers. Conclusion: AI-augmented dental diagnostics holds substantial potential to improve early disease detection, standardize clinical decision-making, and enhance patient outcomes. Responsible integration requires robust validation studies, ethical governance, and collaborative human–AI workflows.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Somaya Saad Alwathnani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-10-17
publication date: 2025-10-17
starting page: 3637
ending page: 3653

FROM SPECIMEN TO DISPENSE: MEASURING SAFETY BREAKPOINTS ACROSS LABORATORY, PHARMACY, AND MEDICAL DEVICES IN RIYADHA Cross-Sectional Mixed Audit
type: item
description: Background: Patient safety within healthcare systems depends on the reliable performance of multiple interconnected domains, including clinical laboratories, hospital pharmacies, and medical devices. In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia's capital and most densely populated healthcare hub, systematic cross-domain safety auditing remains limited. This study was designed to measure safety breakpoints — operationally defined as indicators falling below established performance thresholds — across the laboratory specimen pathway, the pharmaceutical dispensing process, and the medical device lifecycle at multiple facility types in Riyadh. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed audit was conducted at 21 healthcare facilities in Riyadh, comprising public hospitals, private hospitals, and specialist clinics. A total of 420 structured audit observations were collected (Laboratory: n=160, Pharmacy: n=140, Medical Devices: n=120) between January and September 2024. Each domain was assessed using six validated safety indicators, generating a composite overall safety score (0–100). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, pairwise t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Mean overall safety scores were 64.8 (±13.4) for Laboratory, 68.6 (±12.0) for Pharmacy, and 66.7 (±13.9) for Medical Devices (one-way ANOVA: F=3.208, p=0.041). Critical breakpoints were identified: hemolysis detection (23.1%), patient counselling compliance (49.3%), incident reporting culture in devices (48.3%), and calibration currency (57.5%). No domain achieved the pre-defined 80% safety target across all indicators. Private hospitals demonstrated marginally higher compliance than public hospitals, though differences were not statistically significant in most indicators. Logistic regression confirmed that hemolysis detection failure (OR=4.21, 95% CI: 2.45–7.23, p=0.001), cold chain non-compliance (OR=2.87), and absence of incident reporting (OR=2.53) were …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: patient safety; clinical audit; laboratory quality; pharmacy dispensing; medical devices; Saudi Arabia; Riyadh; healthcare accreditation; safety breakpoints
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Ahmed Alqubali, Sameer Houssain Andijani, Mohammed Hamoud Alharbi, Mohammed Hassan Sindi, Lahiq Daghash Butayhan Alotaibi, Fahad Mohammed Abdullah Almushahhin, Turki bin Dahmi Shari Al-Jaidi and Mohammed Abdullah M Minshawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tec Empresarial
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
starting page: 75
ending page: 92

THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON THE FIELD OF PHYSIOTHERAPY: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF VIRTUAL REALITY, TELEHEALTH, AND MORE
type: item
description: Over the past years, innovation and technology have revolutionized the health sector, creating new possibilities for physiotherapy professionals and patients alike—incorporating technology into clinical practice allows physiotherapists to diversify their approach to injury risk management, rehabilitation, and treatment, while helping them meet the high demands of healthcare systems cities. Physiotherapy, also known as physical therapy, is a healthcare service focused on developing, maintaining, and restoring movement and functional ability. These services are provided by physiotherapy professionals, who autonomously assess physical health and create a plan aimed at resolving any difficulties. To ensure patient health and well-being in movement, physiotherapists engage in various clinical activities, which can be grouped into five major categories—monitoring, application, planning, prevention, and education. During monitoring activities, physiotherapists assess the movement related to a given risk in order to plan appropriate care actions. Movement monitoring can be conducted using technology, such as the automatic detection of falls in older adults that makes use of accelerometer sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for classifying daily activities. Similarly, processing visual data collected with cameras has enabled the automatic detection of postural alterations in children with cerebral palsy, which would assist physiotherapists in conducting postural assessment (e.g., during sitting) or gait analysis (e.g., during walking) (Batista e Siqueira et al., 2024).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Physiotherapy, Technology, Rehabilitation Technology, Physiotherapy profession, Technological innovations, Technology incorporation and Technological innovations.
  topic: keywords
creator: Naif Nasser AL Asmari, Dr. Noorah Abdullah Alshoweir, Feras Manawer Almutairi and Ashraf Taha Zawawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Tec Empresarial
date: 2024-11-12
publication date: 2024-11-12
starting page: 937
ending page: 945

ASSESSMENT OF BURNOUT, SLEEP QUALITY, AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH AMONG FRONTLINE NURSING AND RESPIRATORY CARE STAFF IN ACUTE CARE SETTINGS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN SAUDI MILITARY HOSPITALS
type: item
description: Background: Frontline healthcare workers in acute care settings face compounding occupational stressors that may simultaneously impair psychological wellbeing, sleep architecture, and respiratory health. Military hospitals in Saudi Arabia operate under distinctive organizational and operational conditions, including hierarchical command structures, high patient acuity, and fluctuating surge-capacity demands, yet remain substantially understudied in the occupational health literature. Objective: To assess the prevalence and severity of burnout, sleep impairment, and self-reported respiratory health outcomes among frontline nursing and respiratory care staff across three Saudi military hospitals, and to identify independent predictors of high burnout. Methods: A multi-site cross-sectional survey was conducted from September to December 2024 at Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), King Abdulaziz Military Hospital (KAMH), and Armed Forces Hospital-Southern Region (AFH-SR). Stratified random sampling yielded a final analytic sample of 452 participants (267 nurses, 185 respiratory therapists; response rate 83.7%). Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS); sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); and respiratory health using a validated self-report respiratory symptom questionnaire and occupational exposure inventory. Multivariable binary logistic regression was employed to identify independent predictors of high burnout (MBI Emotional Exhaustion score ≥ 27). Results: High burnout was observed in 53% of nurses and 43% of respiratory therapists. Poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) was prevalent in 85.8% of nurses and 80.5% of respiratory therapists, with mean global PSQI scores of 10.22 (±3.4) and 8.97 (±3.8), respectively. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 51.3% of nurses and 43.8% of respiratory therapists. In multivariable analysis, poor sleep quality (OR = 3.42; 95% CI: 2.11–5.54), lack of insti…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Burnout; Maslach Burnout Inventory; Sleep Quality; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Respiratory Health; Nursing Staff; Respiratory Therapists; Military Hospitals; Saudi Arabia; Occupational Health; Cross-Sectional Study
creator: Sarah Ahmad Al Onazi• Abeer Abdulrahman Hamdi• Taghreed Omar muaddi• Reham Ahmed Asiri • Kholoud Ahmed Alonazi • Reema Mohammed Almutairi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
starting page: 54
ending page: 74

COMMUNICATION GAPS BETWEEN LABORATORY AND CLINICAL DEPARTMENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY MILITARY HOSPITAL
type: item
description: 1.2 Background Effective communication between clinical and laboratory departments is fundamental to patient safety and the quality of diagnostic services. Communication failures along the laboratory-clinical interface — spanning test ordering, specimen management, result interpretation, and critical value notification — contribute substantially to diagnostic errors and delayed care. Despite growing recognition of this problem, evidence from tertiary military hospital settings remains limited. 1.3 Objective To identify and characterize the nature, frequency, and perceived root causes of communication gaps between laboratory and clinical departments at a tertiary military hospital, and to determine staff-level and organizational predictors of poor communication effectiveness. 1.4 Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted between January and April 2024 at a tertiary military hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A validated, self-administered questionnaire comprising 38 items across six communication domains was distributed to all eligible clinical staff (physicians, residents, and nurses) and laboratory personnel (medical laboratory scientists, technicians, and supervisors). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests for inter-group comparisons, and binary logistic regression to identify independent predictors of communication gaps. 1.5 Results A total of 222 participants responded (response rate 82.5%): 170 clinical staff and 52 laboratory personnel. Significant perception gaps were identified across all six communication domains (all p < 0.001). Laboratory staff consistently reported higher satisfaction with communication processes (overall mean 3.6 ± 0.4) compared with clinical staff (2.6 ± 0.6). The most critically rated domains by clinical staff were specimen handling information (mean 2.2) and result interpretation clarity (2.4). Lack of shared protocols (72.4%), inadequate feedback mechanisms (67.6%), and high workload (61.2%)…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: laboratory-clinical communication; preanalytical errors; critical value notification; turnaround time; interdisciplinary collaboration; military hospital; Saudi Arabia
  topic: keywords
creator: Laila Alawi Abdullah Aldhawrani, Suzan Salem Ali Alzahrani, Atheer Fahad Marhum Almarhum and Mohammed Meshal Almutairi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tec Empresarial
date: 2026-02-22
publication date: 2026-02-22
starting page: 39
ending page: 53

INTEGRATED DIGITAL HEALTH AND EARLY RISK PREDICTION MODEL TO ENHANCE PATIENT SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL READINESS IN RIYADH'S HOSPITAL
type: item
description: Background: Rapid urbanisation in Saudi Arabia, coupled with the ambitions of Vision 2030 healthcare transformation, has intensified demands on tertiary hospitals in Riyadh to enhance patient safety and operational efficiency. However, fragmented data systems and predominantly reactive clinical decision-making continue to contribute to preventable complications and emergency department (ED) overcrowding. Objective: This study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate an integrated digital health platform incorporating machine learning–based early risk prediction across multiple clinical and operational domains in tertiary care settings. Methods: A prospective, multi-phase mixed-methods study was conducted at King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz Medical City between January 2024 and December 2025. In Phase 1, longitudinal data were collected across six domains: emergency visits, surgical complications, vision screening, National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), staff education attendance, and heat-related illness. Phase 2 involved the development of an ensemble artificial intelligence model integrating six domain-specific algorithms. In Phase 3, the platform was deployed across relevant clinical and operational units. Phase 4 evaluated its impact using paired t-tests and a Composite Operational Readiness Score (ORS). Results: The ensemble model demonstrated excellent predictive performance (AUC-ROC = 0.961). Following implementation, significant improvements were observed across key indicators: surgical site infection rates decreased by 39.6%, ED length of stay was reduced by 24.1%, heat-related ICU admissions declined by 54.8%, and staff training compliance increased from 61.4% to 84.7%. The ORS showed a statistically significant improvement from 64 to 82 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a unified AI-driven digital health platform was associated with substantial reductions in clinical complications, improved patient flow, and enhanced operational read…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence; digital health; patient safety; early warning systems; emergency department overcrowding; surgical safety; heat-related illness; Saudi Arabia; Vision 2030
  topic: keywords
creator: Faisal Awad Rasheed Alawfi, Ali Hassan Marea Alshahran, Thowabet Telg Thowabet Albagmei, Hathal Mania Hathal Al Otaibi, Abdullah Suleiman Hadhal AlOtaibi, Fahd Alrumaih MD
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tec Empresarial
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 22
ending page: 38

DECISION FATIGUE AMONG EMERGENCY NURSES AND ITS IMPACT ON TRIAGE ACCURACY AND CLINICAL PRIORITIZATION
type: item
description: Decision fatigue is a phenomenon that affects individuals who must make numerous decisions over long periods of time. In emergency care, the volume, frequency, and rapid pace of decision making, coupled with environmental stressors, can collectively lead to a decrease in decision quality over time. This literature review assesses the impact of decision fatigue on triage accuracy and clinical prioritization in emergency departments. Emergency nurses are among the first healthcare professionals to interact with patients and collect preliminary assessment data. Triage nurses are expected to assign triage categories and indicate clinical priority as part of the initial assessment. Mitigating decision fatigue during this crucial period could improve triage performance, assuring appropriate care, timely interventions, and optimal patient flow. Emergency nursing involves a demanding, fast-paced environment that generates high workload and significant mental effort. The cumulative mental effort required to continuously monitor multiple patients, identify and prioritize patient needs, and make relevant decisions influences triage performance by creating operating pressure on emergency nurses. Accordingly, triage workflow in the emergency patient journey is studied by empirically observing the scenario, identifying predominant workflow, and pinpointing triage assessment types. A conceptual framework of decision fatigue is therefore established to identify tractable components that nurses contend within their routine environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: decision fatigue, triage accuracy, prioritization, emergency nursing, cognitive mechanisms, environmental triggers, patient safety, resource utilization
  topic: keywords
creator: Atheer Ibrahim Alasiri and Atheer Yahya Basali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tec Empresarial
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 15
ending page: 21

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AS A CATALYST FOR BIG DATA ANALYTICS LEARNING INTENTION IN MALAYSIAN SMES: EXTENDING UTAUT WITH A MODERATION LENS
type: item
description: Big Data Analytics (BDA) capability has become increasingly critical for Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), yet many firms continue to face a persistent skills bottleneck where employees are hesitant or insufficiently motivated to learn analytics-related competencies. Drawing on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study examines the determinants of BDA learning intention and investigates transformational leadership as a moderating mechanism that shapes how technology-related beliefs translate into employees’ learning motivation. Data were collected from 351 SME employees across major Malaysian regions and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) following the two-step approach. The findings indicate that UTAUT constructs significantly explain BDA learning intention, while transformational leadership strengthens key expectancy-based relationships. The results extend UTAUT by embedding leadership as a socially grounded mechanism in analytics learning contexts and offer practical insights for SME leaders seeking to accelerate data-driven capability development through leadership-enabled learning environments
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Big Data Analytics; Learning Intention; UTAUT; Transformational Leadership; Malaysian SMEs; PLS-SEM.
  topic: keywords
creator: Lau King Guan, Rozaini Binti Rosli, Muhamad Imam Syairozi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tec Empresarial
date: 2026-01-05
publication date: 2026-01-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 14

INTERPROFESSIONAL COLLABORATION BETWEEN NURSES AND PHARMACISTS IN PREVENTING MEDICATION ERRORS
type: item
description: Medication errors negatively affect patient safety, lengthen hospital stays, and increase hospital costs. The World Health Organization conservatively estimated the economic burden from medication errors worldwide at US$42 billion per year. In hospitals, between 2% and 94% of prescriptions contain errors, with the wrong drug, wrong dosage, wrong administration route, and omission of a dose among the most common errors. Multi-professional collaboration across the entire medication management spectrum, particularly between nurses and pharmacists, plays a central role in building safety nets to prevent, intercept, and mitigate medication errors. Well-structured and appropriately timed communication is essential for effectiveness. Several communication strategies support collaboration in medication safety across different organizational settings. Interprofessional collaboration promotes collective teamwork among healthcare professionals from different fields with a shared goal of optimizing patient outcomes. Education, training, and role clarification represent fundamental prerequisites for effective interprofessional collaboration and a solid foundation for safer medication management. The need is particularly critical for nursing and pharmacy, two of the largest and most mobile healthcare professions sharing complementary responsibilities. Human resources represent a key strategy for improving frontline collaboration in medication safety, alongside print tools, information technology, and physical arrangements. Before launching collaborative strategies, institutions should gauge the prevailing interprofessional culture through validated instruments and assess the need for specific enhancements or initiatives tailored to the local context (Irajpour et al., 2019) ; (Jaam et al., 2021).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interprofessional collaboration, nurses, pharmacists, medication errors, prevention, patient safety, teamwork, communication, healthcare, clinical practice.
  topic: keywords
creator: Emtenan Abdulfattah Mohammed Bajammal, Zohour Mohammed Ibrahim, Fatimah Ahmed Ali Alshaikhi and Taher Hashim Taher Almaki
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
starting page: 1334
ending page: 1349

THE ROLE OF FRONTLINE HEALTHCARE TEAMS IN PREVENTING MEDICATION AND RESPIRATORY CARE ERRORS IN HOSPITAL SETTINGS
type: item
description: It is well established that interdisciplinary teams are essential to improving the safety of medication and respiratory interventions at the frontline of care within hospital systems (Alhur et al., 2024). The role of the interprofessional medical team in minimizing medication errors has been a topic of discussion and research; however, contemporary scholarship holds that further attention is warranted concerning the involvement of healthcare professionals in multidisciplinary teams—beyond the physician-nurse continuum—in preventing errors in these two critical functional domains. Healthcare systems have increased focus on medication and respiratory care safety issues because of their significant role in preventable adverse events. Medication errors constitute the most prevalent form of in-hospital mishap. Errors associated with inhalation therapy, nebulization or oxygen therapy, and ventilatory support of respiratory therapy also rank among the highest for patient safety risk and concern (Bethishou et al., 2017). On the patient side, medication and respiratory-care errors can inflict serious harm. Such events have been linked to extended lengths of stay, room transfers, and additional medical treatment that impairs overall quality of care. Cost burden is another major, yet frequently underestimated, consequence of these errors associated with the common protocols of ordered medication and respiratory interventions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Frontline healthcare teams; patient safety; medication errors; respiratory care errors; interdisciplinary collaboration; hospital settings; nursing practice; pharmacy services; respiratory therapy; quality improvement
creator: Ghadi Abdulaziz Alsuqayh, Shaza Eid alharbi, Maha Mohammed Alghannam, Maha Atef Alshehri, Abeer Mansour Almohaize, Noura Fahad ALarjani and Nada Fahad ALarjani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-07-28
publication date: 2025-07-28
starting page: 1316
ending page: 1333

OPTIMIZING PATIENT RECOVERY THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN NURSING AND PROSTHETICS AND ORTHOTICS TEAMS IN TERTIARY HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
type: item
description: Efforts to optimize patient recovery have stimulated interest in interdisciplinary collaboration between nursing and prosthetics and orthotics (P&O) teams within tertiary healthcare. Early mobility is vital for recovery from lower limb surgical procedures and the faster re-establishment of functional independence positively influences rehabilitation outcomes. However, despite active collaboration within sequential care pathways, current collaborative practices remain limited and fail to fully address the interdisciplinary scope between nursing and P&O teams. Interventions targeting early patient mobilization and enabling access to long-term assistive devices are central to improving patient recovery. Both team’s processes span from hospital admission through to discharge, integrating care, assessment, and planning activities within shared pathways. The study aimed to identify potential options for interdisciplinary collaboration in tertiary healthcare settings, documenting current approaches from other hospitals and distilling specific opportunities for improvement. Recovery-related evidence concerning quantitatively measured outcomes (such as mobility level, recovery times, functional independence, and equipment use) and qualitative survey responses (including patient satisfaction and quality of life) associated with collaborative practices was reviewed. Preliminary findings indicated improvements in recovery, postoperative therapy uptake, equipment use, and patient experience. The different facets of these collaborative partnerships can be structured through an overarching framework delineating the roles and responsibilities of the involved parties, an illustration of interconnected communication processes, documentation strategies, coordinated care pathways, quantitative metrics to monitor restoration goals and the conditions required to establish and maintain this cooperative configuration. (van der Sluis et al., 2015) (R Espelita, 2022) (HEALY et al., 1970)
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interdisciplinary collaboration, patient recovery, nursing, prosthetics and orthotics, rehabilitation, tertiary healthcare, teamwork, integrated care, mobility, clinical outcomes.
  topic: keywords
creator: Swailem Muteb S Albloushi, Saeed Ali Alghamdi, Salman Fahad Alsadun, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alatawi, Omar Fahad Alkahas, Abdulrahman Saleh Alghamdi, Saed Eidan Alghamdi, Musaad Ibrahim Alhijji, Luay Khalid Alansari and Abdulkarim Huzayran Alanazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tec Empresarial
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 1048
ending page: 1056

THE IMPACT OF INTERPROFESSIONAL PRACTICE ON REDUCING DIAGNOSTIC AND MEDICATION ERRORS IN NEONATAL AND ADULT CRITICAL CARE UNITS
type: item
description: Interprofessional practice aims to improve diagnostic and medication safety in neonatal and adult critical care units. Diagnostic safety prioritises the avoidance of misdiagnosis, while medication safety focuses on the prevention of medication errors during prescribing, dispensing, and administration. Interprofessional practice—defined as a collaborative approach among different professional disciplines—commonly deploys structured team-based models. These models establish clear team roles, multidisciplinary communication protocols, and routine team-based activities, fostering improved collaboration and patient safety across a diverse range of clinical settings (A. Alghamdi et al., 2021). Critical care professionals operate within complex and constrained environments while managing the diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening conditions across the paediatric-to-adult spectrum. Collaboration among professional disciplines has significant potential to enhance both diagnostic and medication safety, particularly in neonatal and adult intensive care units (ICUs) where the consequences of error can be severe. In care teams targeting high-acuity patients, interprofessional practice is predicted to act directly on diagnostic and medication workflows, amplifying collaboration among disciplines already involved and strengthening teamwork environments. These combined influences are anticipated to improve safety in the detection, monitoring, and classification of patient signals, foster shared comprehension of these signals and their evolution, and ensure that collective and individual signals drive timely, appropriate interventions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Interprofessional practice; patient safety; diagnostic errors; medication errors; critical care; neonatal intensive care; adult intensive care; multidisciplinary collaboration; healthcare quality improvement
creator: Asma Mohammed Alharthi, Mashari Manaa Ajaj Alanazi, Abdullah Abdulaziz Abdullah Albashir, Hanan Barakah Almotairi and Layali saud Hassan Bakri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-06-16
publication date: 2024-06-16
starting page: 3637
ending page: 3648

ENHANCING INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION TO IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES IN PRIMARY AND PREVENTIVE CARE SETTINGS: A MULTI-SPECIALTY APPROACH
type: item
description: Each year in large industrialized nations, avoidable deaths collectively reach into the hundreds of thousands. Such tragic realities underscore the primary motivation for investing in interdisciplinary collaboration. The World Health Organization’s (WHO, 2022) definition of health remains a clarion call to everyone: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes the reduction of health inequalities as one of the make-or-break targets for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations, 2015). Transforming primary and preventive care is vital for mitigating the leading interrelated challenges of population aging and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (Burström & Tao, 2019; Collaborative, 2015; Murray et al., 2015). Governing bodies around the world and health authorities have identified the enhancement of collaborative practice and the promotion of team-based healthcare as one of the most promising solutions to improve patient outcomes and optimize the organization of primary and preventive services (World Health Organization, 2010). Recent studies and reports have also documented clear benefits from furthering collaboration among multiple specialties in diverse contexts including France, the Philippines, United States, Canada, and other Confederation states (M Baldwin, 2016). With these considerations in mind, a multi-specialty approach emerges as an additional lens through which to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration. To achieve the maximum impact on patient outcomes, it is critical to apply the collaborative principles throughout the primary and preventive arena, across the entire population—regardless of age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, or indigenous background—across the entire patient journey—encompassing wellness, pre-pathology, active pathology, recurrence, palliation, and bereavement—regardless of disease …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interdisciplinary collaboration, patient outcomes, primary care, preventive care, multi-specialty teamwork, integrated healthcare, communication, coordination, healthcare quality, holistic care.
  topic: keywords
creator: Aldanah Mohammed Alqahtani, Khaled saad hamad Al hafy, Maha Faisal Alamri, Mutlaq Obeid Alosseimi, Shibl Abdullah Raja Alotaibi , Atheer Saleh Abdullah Alhumaid, Nawaf Menahi Sulbi Alanazi, Amjad Hajed ALHARBI , Saud faihan alotaibi , Abdullah Ghazi Buthi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-10-22
publication date: 2024-10-22
starting page: 1397
ending page: 1416

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ABUAD'S ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMME
type: item
description: This study investigates the challenges and opportunities within the entrepreneurship Programme at Afe Babalola University (ABUAD) using a mixed sequential explanatory design. The research integrates quantitative data from questionnaires completed by 324 students with qualitative insights from semi- structured interviews with 8 lecturers. The study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the programme’s effectiveness and areas for improvement. The mixed methods approach combined numerical analysis of students' skill acquisition with qualitative exploration of their experiences, offering a holistic view of the programme. Challenges identified include inconsistent government policies, corruption, lack of credit facilities, and security issues, all of which affect entrepreneurship growth at ABUAD. Findings reveal that while some barriers such as corruption and inadequate credit facilities are perceived as significant, others like infrastructure deficiencies and gender discrimination show variable impacts. Notably, security concerns and multiple taxation were highlighted as major obstacles, impacting both investment and business operations. Data collection involved self-administered questionnaires for the quantitative phase and semi-structured interviews for qualitative insights. The reliability and validity of the instruments were ensured through a pilot study and expert reviews. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for quantitative data and NVivo for thematic analysis of qualitative data. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to address these barriers and enhance the entrepreneurship programme at ABUAD. By highlighting both challenges and opportunities, the research provides actionable insights for policy makers, educators, and stakeholders involved in fostering entrepreneurial success.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abuad, Challenges, Entrepreneurship, Environment, Opportunities
  topic: keywords
creator: Adesina Oluwaseun Temitay, Professor Nirmala Dorasamy, Dr. Segun Ilugbusi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Tec Empresarial
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 1293
ending page: 1315

COLLABORATIVE CARE IN COMMUNITY HEALTH: INTEGRATING NURSING, PUBLIC HEALTH, ADMINISTRATION, AND PHYSIOTHERAPY
type: item
description: Trends in population health, service delivery, and funding reporting are increasing the number of partners involved in developing primary health care responses. Collaborative care aims to address inequities identified through self-perception surveys. Attention is also given to general wellness, including the social determinants of health (Ramsden et al., 2021).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Collaborative care, community health, nursing, public health, health administration, physiotherapy, interdisciplinary teamwork, patient-centered care, integrated healthcare, allied health professionals.
creator: Abdullah Mohammed Al Ahmari, Abdullah Mohammed Saeed Alshahrani, Ali Hassan Munif Al Altheeb, Rakan Mohammed Saad Alshahrani AND Abdulrahman Faleh Abdulrahman Alshahrani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
starting page: 1283
ending page: 1292

INTERPROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION AND MEDICATION SAFETY IN PERIOPERATIVE CARE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE FROM ANESTHESIOLOGISTS, NURSES, PHARMACISTS, AND LABORATORY STAFF
type: item
description: Effective interprofessional communication reduces the risk of medication errors in the perioperative setting, yet diversities remain across professional groups. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate perceptions of interprofessional communication and related medication safety practices among anesthesiologists, nurses, pharmacists, and laboratory staff. An online survey was administered to practitioners across hospitals with distinct perioperative-care units. Factors such as age, gender, and years of experience were evaluated within disciplines, complemented by qualitative data supporting quantitative findings. Participants regarded interprofessional communication as important for patient safety, and the practice of checking medications before administration was viewed as crucial for safe care. Some perception elements aligned or diverged across disciplines, and all reported barriers hindering effective communication (Alhur et al., 2024). The results provide a broad overview of cross-disciplinary perceptions, informing adjustments to team practices, education, and system-level interventions in the perioperative environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interprofessional communication, medication safety, perioperative care, anesthesiologists, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory staff, cross-sectional study
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayidah Aqeel Albaiji, Nawader Sulaiman Fahad almijmaj, Layla Mohammed Hadadi, Wasmiah Ghannam Alanazi, Mubarak Nasser Al Qahtani, Mohammed Alhamdan , Basmah Mohammed Ali Haddadi and Nada Bin Makhashin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1271
ending page: 1282

IMPACT OF NURSE WORKLOAD ON PATIENT SAFETY AND QUALITY OF CARE IN HOSPITAL SETTINGS
type: item
description: The increase in the patient population and their medical needs has raised the need for adequate nurse staffing more than ever. Lack of or insufficient nurse staffing suffices to cause adverse events in patients or unexpected incidents (Knutsen Glette et al., 2017). A study carried out across some hospitals showed that an increase in patient workload was positively related to the incidence of injury to patients and a decline in the quality of care. Issues such as the ratio of nurse to patient or the turnover of nurses are shown to impact patients deeply. More workload on nurses tends to lead to less time spent on patients, which has swiftly increased the total number of adverse incidents (Ivziku et al., 2021).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nurse workload; patient safety; quality of care; nurse-to-patient ratio; hospital staffing; burnout; adverse outcomes; patient satisfaction; healthcare quality; medical errors
  topic: keywords
creator: Aisha Ali Hayyan and Amani Khalifa Ayed Al-Anazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 1363
ending page: 1373

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES OF NURSES TOWARD INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Infection prevention and control (IPC) in healthcare facilities are crucial in curbing the transmission of microorganisms that contribute to healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs), a major concern for public health. HCAIs against patients or healthcare workers are a calamity for the health system that brings increased length of stay, a rise in mortality, and escalated hospital expenses (Sulaiman Althiyabi et al., 2024). A proper knowledge of citizens regarding the transmission of infectious microorganisms is essential to maintain proper IPC in the health facilities (Golam Dostogir Harun et al., 2022). In particular, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of nurses on IPC should be researched concerning HCAIs in health-care facilities, since they are at the forefront of health-care service provision and play a significant role in treating and educating people on infectious microorganisms. As reported by the WHO, a significantly high percentage of infections worldwide are occurring due to the ignorance on IPC. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to explore the KAP of nurses for proper prevention of HCAIs on the basis of HCAIs prevalence in the health-care facilities. HCAIs are not only a problem for patients but also a rising health hazard for consumers, so it is fundamentally important to collect information. To address these issues the statistical study is conducted in Hail region, using a survey to evaluate the KAP of facilitating health-care workers on the IPC in health services.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Infection prevention and control, healthcare-associated infections, nurses, knowledge–attitudes–practices (KAP), hand hygiene, patient safety, cross-sectional study
  topic: keywords
creator: Anwar Saud M Alhdede
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2023-07-20
publication date: 2023-07-20
starting page: 2553
ending page: 2558

THE ROLE OF AUTOMATION IN MODERN CLINICAL LABORATORIES
type: item
description: This essay examines the automation of laboratories that provide clinical services to hospitals, clinics, and other health-care facilities. Emphasis is placed on the automation of testing procedures during which biological specimens, such as blood, urine, and other fluids or tissue material, are analyzed for the presence of indicators of medical conditions. Laboratory automation refers to the use of mechanized equipment and computers to handle laboratory tasks that were once conducted by human technicians. Labor-intensive testing procedures performed manually can take hours or days of turn-around time, and may be more prone to errors. Automated systems dramatically shorten turn-around time, often to less than an hour, and increase testing speed and accuracy. Automation has transformed clinical laboratories from small, low-technology services into large, high-technology operations. Many larger hospitals own automated systems in-house. A growing number of smaller hospitals and health- care facilities are turning to commercial laboratory service providers that operate massive, fully automated laboratories capable of serving hundreds of health-care facilities (Avivar, 2012). In some cases, satellite systems that employ miniaturized automation are used to supplement off- site, central laboratories. The goal of laboratory automation is not only to mechanize the procedure for carrying out individual tasks, but to create a fully automated, integrated system that handles specimens automatically from the time they are received by the laboratory until results are generated, interpreted, and reported. Macrosystems are capable of handling thousands of specimens each day, providing performance far beyond what could be achieved by manual laboratories and smaller automation systems. However, the design of macrosystems is complex, and difficulties can arise with integration and control of automated components from multiple vendor companies. Most health-care facilities use either stan…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Automation, clinical laboratories, efficiency, turnaround time, accuracy, regulatory, quality assurance, cost, instrument, pi-control, post-analytical, metrics, virology, serology, microbiology.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mamdooh Nasser S Alahmri, Abdullah Mohammed A Alshehri , Hassan Abdulaziz Y Gazwani and Salman Abdullah S Alsemari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tec Empresarial
date: 2024-09-02
publication date: 2024-09-02
starting page: 762
ending page: 778

INTERDISCIPLINARY KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES IN PHLEBOTOMY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS
type: item
description: The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge, practices, and professional interactions related to phlebotomy among healthcare providers at a district health facility in Cape Town. The study was prompted by serious deficiencies in phlebotomy knowledge among nurses and doctors identified in earlier research at the facility. Healthcare workers must understand phlebotomy procedures and hazards to minimize risks and prevent specimens from being rejected by laboratories (Banković Radovanović, 2020). Separate studies indicated that 92% of registered phlebotomy practitioners in South Africa attained a score below the minimum standard and that less than 22% complied with critical phlebotomy practices (Bölenius et al., 2013). Instances of improper or erroneous procedures were evidently elevated .
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Phlebotomy; blood collection; blood sampling; pre–analytical errors; professional interactions; interdisciplinary communication; health care collaboration.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibrahim Mohammed alquaidheb
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Tec Empresarial
date: 2022-09-16
publication date: 2022-09-16
starting page: 438
ending page: 447

Interdisciplinary Perspectives On Oral Health And Nutrition: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Healthcare Professionals
type: item
description: Oral health and nutrition represent two critical dimensions of healthcare that interact with one another in important yet complex ways and are, therefore, regarded as essential components within any model of interdisciplinary healthcare. The present study aims to address neither of these two dimensions specifically but rather to identify their standing overall within a particular healthcare setting—namely, among health professionals in Saudi Arabia—by surveying the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of participants regarding both oral health and nutrition. Participants included general practitioners, physicians of public health, specialists in dental public health, registered nurses, and pharmacists from whom an online questionnaire survey was distributed via WhatsApp. The study was motivated by a number of factors related both to oral health and nutrition. In summary, although knowledge in both areas remained generally low, oral health received significantly greater attention than nutrition across every professional group and category and was more often involved in referral or consultation practices. In turn, other health-related disciplines such as family medicine, dietetics, and public health were approached regarding nutrition in 18.4% of cases, considerably lower than the corresponding figure of 80.6% for dentistry. The study concludes by delineating several policy and educational implications concerning the integration of oral health and nutrition into the curricula of professional health-related programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Oral Health, Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Care, Cross-Sectional Study, Healthcare Professionals, Dietetics, Dental Health, Collaborative Practice.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mhanna Abed Aljabab, Nouf Mohammed Al-Khaldi, Abdulrahman Hamad Abdullah AlThawab, Barrak Mohammed Aldawsari, Rayidah Mohammed Ali ALQahtani and Aisha Ali Abdullah Hayyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 1263
ending page: 1270

INTEGRATION OF POINT-OF-CARE TESTING (POCT) INTO HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAMS: BENEFITS, LIMITATIONS, AND QUALITY CHALLENGES
type: item
description: Point-of-care testing (POCT) has rapidly evolved from a supplementary diagnostic tool into a central component of modern infection control strategies, particularly in hospital environments where rapid decision-making is essential to preventing transmission and improving clinical outcomes. The ability to perform microbiological, molecular, and biomarker-based assays at or near the patient’s bedside allows clinicians to identify infectious risks more quickly, initiate appropriate precautions earlier, and reduce delays associated with central laboratory workflows. In high-risk settings—such as emergency departments, intensive care units, neonatal units, and perioperative environments—these advantages translate directly into reduced exposure events, improved antimicrobial stewardship, and shorter intervals between clinical suspicion and targeted intervention. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the integration of POCT into hospital-based infection control programs, examining its contributions to early pathogen detection, outbreak containment, and the enhancement of isolation and triage algorithms. Particular emphasis is placed on the growing availability of POCT platforms capable of detecting viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens with high sensitivity, including rapid antigen assays, molecular amplification systems, microfluidic devices, and digital POCT technologies connected to hospital information systems. The discussion extends to the operational benefits of POCT, such as improved patient flow, faster cohorting decisions, and reduced burden on central laboratories during peak demand periods. Despite these strengths, the expanding role of POCT brings significant challenges that have direct implications for infection control. Issues related to test performance, operator competence, environmental contamination, biosafety compliance, quality assurance, regulatory oversight, and data connectivity must be addressed to prevent false results that could comprom…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Point-of-care testing (POCT); Rapid molecular diagnostics; Hospital infection control programs; Microfluidic lab-on-chip devices; Nanotechnology-enabled biosensors; Clinical microbiology surveillance; Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs); Diagnostic quality management; Antimicrobial stewardship strategies; Smart hospital technologies; Real-time biosurveillance; Translational diagnostic innovation; Decentralized laboratory testing; Emerging diagnostic technologies.
creator: Mohammed Baloud M Alotaibi, Ahmed Hadi M Asiri, Ayed Mohammed A Meshari, Faisal Sannat ALOtaibi and Abdulhakim Abdulrhman Alamri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 1246
ending page: 1262

MULTIDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION IN ACUTE CARDIAC CARE: ROLES, INTERFACES, AND OUTCOMES
type: item
description: Multidisciplinary collaboration in acute cardiac care enhances diagnosis and treatment of the 4%–5% of hospitalised adults whose presentation includes an Electrocardiogram (ECG) indicating a cardiac event (Imran Hamid et al., 2023). Nevertheless, current European practice guidelines recommend changes to enhance care. The integrated Multidisciplinary Acute Cardiac Care Team (MACT) framework is implemented in multiple public hospital systems and large tertiary care networks. A systematic approach addresses the roles of core team members, interprofessional interfaces, and processes across pathways, thereby clarifying the multidisciplinary collaboration that supports timely and accurate management of patients. Multidisciplinary collaboration entails the coordinated delivery of services within a defined time period across a specified patient pathway by two or more disciplines for a single patient or a defined patient group (Lala et al., 2020). Acute cardiac care depends on the rapid identification and treatment of patients presenting with cardiac conditions. ECG interpretation, echocardiography, and catheterisation represent critical interrelated activities. The need to manage acute cardiac conditions therefore justifies closer collaboration across the core disciplines involved in 12-lead ECG interpretation, echocardiography, right or left heart catheterisation, and physiological measurements, together with emergency medicine, the sending facility, and emergency medical services.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multidisciplinary care, acute cardiac care, teamwork, clinical roles, care coordination, patient outcomes, collaborative interfaces, cardiovascular emergencies
  topic: keywords
creator: Fawaz Sabail Alharbi, Mohammed Mutlaq Mohammed Aldawsari, Khalil Ibrahim Ali Shubayli, Shahad Rames Alshehri, Norah Khaled Alshwayrid, Yousef Abdullah Nasser Owemer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tec Empresarial
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 1233
ending page: 1245

ENHANCING IMMUNIZATION RATES THROUGH PHARMACIST INVOLVEMENT
type: item
description: Pharmacists and student pharmacists have the potential to improve immunization rates in many communities and patient populations. Pharmacists, in particular, are expected to play a valuable role in increasing adult vaccination rates. Therefore, evidence-based and relevant strategies to confirm immunization history, recommend necessary vaccines, and then efficiently and effectively provide these vaccines are of importance. Such strategies can greatly increase patient, caregiver, and healthcare provider confidence in vaccination and vaccination recommendations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pharmacists; vaccination; immunization; pneumococcal; pharmacy; public health; adult; influenza
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdullah Mohammed Al Ahmari, Abdullah Mohammed Saeed Alshahrani, Ali Hassan Munif Al Altheeb, Rakan Mohammed Saad Alshahrani AND Abdulrahman Faleh Abdulrahman Alshahrani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tec Empresarial
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
starting page: 1217
ending page: 1232

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEDICAL RECORDS STAFF IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS
type: item
description: Medical records staff play an important role in healthcare operations. The objectives of this essay were: to identify the roles and responsibilities of professional medical records staff; to describe various qualifications required for employment in a medical records department; to explain the use of, and need for, medical records in a variety of healthcare settings; and to describe the increasingly important field of electronic health records. The essay found that there are many roles and responsibilities that medical records professionals are, or can be, involved in. This blend of tasks undertaken has a significant impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of patient care and treatment. There is also a significant need for staff, and staff in a position of authority, to have the knowledge and skills required to carry out their roles safely, accurately, and consistently. (Nwosu, 2024) Accurate, legible, and organized medical records are essential components of patient care. It is crucial that all healthcare professionals take an interest in the electronic or paper medical records which they generate. In order to be effective, they must be trained and retrained on how to comply with their medical records responsibilities. Compliance with a variety of medical records-related legislation is required. Many documents are retained, and destruction of medical records must be monitored and executed using secure and ethical yet cost-effective methods. The healthcare system predominantly operates to encompass the provision of care and treatment for individuals, and to prevent ill health on a community level. These roles are carried out with the use of legible, accurate, and complete medical records. Failure to utilize such a documented paper or photographic-based tool can result in litigation, inadequate resources, and/or a substandard level of knowledge of healthcare professionals. Ultimately, this paper-based essay will identify and define the required levels of competenc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Medical records, healthcare staff, data integrity, compliance, electronic health record, documentation, coach, quality assurance, supervisor, technical skills, coding, reception, patient care, personal health records, privacy.
creator: Miral Yahya Ahmed Shubayli, Fatmah Ibrahim Mousa Kamili and Bayan Hamad Ail Aashwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-22
publication date: 2024-12-22
starting page: 664
ending page: 671

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH IN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS
type: item
description: Cardiometabolic disorders are often more prominent in urban than in rural areas. There may be specific health benefits to living in rural environments. In rural and urban areas of Austria, equal access to medical care is present. The study aims to compare cardiovascular disease risk factors and lifestyle parameters in urban and rural populations. For a representative population-based cross-sectional study, participants were selected by sex, age, and hazard area matched random sampling. A total of 1,708 persons, 1,336 (78.2%) living in urban areas, and 372 (21.8%) living in rural areas, participated. Body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and triglycerides were determined. (Scott et al.2020) Body mass index and blood glucose levels were significantly higher in rural than in urban populations (27.2 ± 4.0 vs. 26.3 ± 4.4 kg/m² and 5.5 ± 5.3 vs. 5.1 ± 1.9 mmol/l). Serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in rural than in urban populations (6.1 ± 1.2 vs. 6.4 ± 1.4 mmol/l, 1.5 ± 4 vs. 1.6 ± 5 mmol/l, and 1.5 ± 1.8 vs. 1.6 ± 2.1 mmol/l). Subjects in rural areas were more often smokers, alcohol abstainers, and physically active. This study shows rural-urban differences with higher cholesterol and glucose levels in urban subjects. Alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and smoking were more frequent in the rural population. Data may serve as a basis for preventive and educational efforts in both urban and rural regions. The relationship of rural-urban lifestyle parameters to individual and rural health is a future challenge. (Teufel et al.2021)
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: rural, urban, cardiovascular health, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, Africa
  topic: keywords
creator: Mubarak Abdullah Nasser Aldousari, Jameel Salman Awadh Almutairi, Turki Abdullah Saeed Al Shamrani, Norah Mohammed Naif Alotaibi, Abdullah Mohammed Mubarak Al Arjani and Abdulrahman Abdullah Hamed Alghamdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-22
publication date: 2024-12-22
starting page: 672
ending page: 681